Present Perfect Tense

NOTE: We can only use unspecific time expression in this tense (which only explains the number of time an action has performed.) Such as 'Never', 'Ever', 'Once', 'many/several times', yet, already, before etc.

USE 1: Unspecified time before Now. This Tense is used to describe

• Achievements:

  Achievements that have made by individuals or group of people. i.e. I have completed my MBBS. Scientists have developed vaccination for polio.

• Change that occured over time:

  It implies that something has grown or something has significantly changed over time. The economic situation has become stable. It explains that the economic condition was not stable erailer.

• Expected action that has not completed:

  It implies that we are still waiting for an action to happned. e.g. The bus has not arrived yet. We are waiting for bus/expecting the arrival of bus. But it has not yet reached to us.

• Series of an action occured in Past and expected in future also:

  i.e. An action has occured many times in past and there are possibilities that same action may occure in future.
  e.g. The foreign policy has changed three times during current political regime. it implies that foreign policy has been changed three times and posibilities of further changes in foreign policy may be adopted in future.

• Exerience:

  I have seen horror hollywood movies many times.

USE 2: Duration of time from past to present (Stative verb)

We can specify time in this tense only with stative verbs that explains any emotional or physical condition. e.g.
She has been in london since 1999. This tense explains the state of permanent living in london. She has not moved to another country or place to live.

Singular subject He, She, It, Any Name

Plural Subject: We, They, AND especial case of Singular subject, I, You

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